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Melanotan II

Also called MT-II

People inject it for a tan, but real users have had moles change and turn into skin cancer.

Updated 03 May 2026Read 3 minBacked by 60 studies
The quick version
What it is
A shot that darkens skin and bumps sex drive (copies a body hormone)
Is it FDA-approved?
No. Not approved anywhere. Sold 'for research only'
How strong is the proof?
Weak. Zero real human trials. Mostly old, tiny studies
How you take it
A shot under the skin. No safe, tested dose exists
Typical result
Darker skin. Some men get stronger erections and sex drive
Biggest catch
Reports of new moles, mole changes, and melanoma after use

Any word with a dotted underline is a science word — tap it for a plain-English meaning.

In plain words.

Melanotan II, often called MT-II, is a . It was made at the University of Arizona in the 1980s.

Your body has a hormone that tells your skin to make brown color (melanin). MT-II copies it, but stronger. So your skin gets darker. It also touches other body signals, which is why some men get more sex drive from it.

It is sold underground as the "tan injection." It is not approved by the FDA, and it is not approved in any country. People buy it "for research only" and inject it themselves.

What people use it for.

Most people use it to get a tan without the sun.

Some men use it for sex drive, with the tan as a bonus.

If sex drive is the real goal, there is a related drug called PT-141 that is for low desire and has a cleaner safety record. That is the better path.

Does it actually work?

It does tan you. That part is real.

But there are zero real human trials. The dose people use comes from old rodent work and tiny human tests from the 1990s. There is no proven safe dose anywhere.

So yes, it works as a tanner. The problem is what else it may do, which we cover below.

what you’ve probably heard.

The claims floating around online, and how true they actually are.

The tan injection actually works, you go dark with barely any sun.

true

It does tan you, that part is real. The problem is that the same switch darkening your skin is the one that can wake up the cells that turn into cancer.

It's fine, tons of people use it and they're okay.

no

There are zero human trials, plus published reports of new moles, moles changing, and at least 3 cases of melanoma after use. Popular does not mean safe.

The extra freckles and moles are just a cosmetic side effect.

myth

Those color-making cells are the exact ones that can turn into melanoma, a dangerous skin cancer. There is nothing cosmetic about that.

The bump in sex drive is a nice free bonus.

not quite

The sex-drive effect is real for some men, but it rides along with the cancer-cell risk and raised blood pressure. PT-141 is the approved drug that does the wanting part without touching your skin.

How you take it.

People take it as a shot under the skin. They mix a powder with liquid first.

There is no tested, safe dose. The amounts people use come from old rodent studies and tiny 1990s human tests, not a real trial. Folks often "load" with small daily doses until the tan builds, then go to a lower upkeep dose.

We do not suggest this. There is no safe number to give you.

What to watch out for.

The serious stuff

This is the big one. There are published reports of people growing new moles, having moles change, and at least 3 cases of melanoma (a dangerous skin cancer) after using MT-II. That is because it wakes up the skin's color cells, which are the cells that can turn into cancer.

It also raises blood pressure and affects the heart in some people. If you have heart problems or high blood pressure, skip it.

Do not use it if you or your family has had melanoma or lots of odd moles. If you use it at all, get full-body skin checks for life.

The common stuff

Common side effects are feeling sick to your stomach, flushing, and erections in men. Talk to a real doctor first. We are not your doctor.

Where people get it.

Here are the ways people get it, from safest to riskiest. None are great.

  • Brand. None exists. It was never approved anywhere. (Its approved cousin is PT-141 / Vyleesi.)
  • . Real pharmacies will not make it, because of the cancer reports. Not a real option.
  • Research-only (). This is the whole market. About $25–$60 a month. Sold "for research only," so no one promises what is in the vial.
  • (overseas raw). Even cheaper, about $4–$8 a month. No lab report, no rules.

A real warning on quality: vials are often 30 to 50 percent off what the label says. So you cannot even be sure of your dose. Ask for a with a test. If the report only shows an "IR" test, treat that as no test at all.

Our honest take.

A fake tan you inject, and the same switch that darkens your skin can wake up the cells that turn into melanoma. Real people have it. Get the look from a $12 bottle of self-tanner instead, and if the sex-drive effect was the draw, PT-141 is the approved one that never touches your skin's cancer switch. So, no.

The studies behind this.

We read the research so you don't have to. Here's where the facts on this page come from.

  1. 01Todorovic M, et al. 5-Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2'-bis-Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan-II. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). 2024;30(19):e202304270. PMID: 38285527.
  2. 02Wekwejt P, et al. Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 2023;165:115129. PMID: 37478579.
  3. 03Peters B, et al. Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report. CEN case reports. 2020;9(2):159-161. PMID: 31953620.
  4. 04Gilhooley E, et al. Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;237(6):995-999. PMID: 34464955.
  5. 05Evans-Brown M, et al. Use of melanotan I and II in the general population. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 2009;338:b566. PMID: 19224885.
  6. 06Minakova E, et al. Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism. PloS one. 2019;14(1):e0210389. PMID: 30629642.
  7. 07Tomassi S, et al. CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists. Journal of medicinal chemistry. 2022;65(5):4007-4017. PMID: 35188390.
  8. 08Eliason NL, et al. Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food. Neuropeptides. 2022;96:102289. PMID: 36155088.
  9. 09Hjuler KF, et al. Melanoma associated with the use of melanotan-II. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland). 2014;228(1):34-6. PMID: 24355990.
  10. 10Dorr RT, et al. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life sciences. 1996;58(20):1777-84. PMID: 8637402.
  11. 11Cui J, et al. Disruption of Gpr45 causes reduced hypothalamic POMC expression and obesity. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2016;126(9):3192-206. PMID: 27500489.
  12. 12Giuliano F, et al. Melanotan-II: Investigation of the inducer and facilitator effects on penile erection in anaesthetized rat. Neuroscience. 2006;138(1):293-301. PMID: 16360286.
  13. 13Burian EA, et al. Eruptive Melanocytic Nevi: A Review. American journal of clinical dermatology. 2019;20(5):669-682. PMID: 31119650.
  14. 14Nelson ME, et al. Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2012;50(10):1169-73. PMID: 23121206.
  15. 15Wolters FL, et al. Co-treatment with melanotan-II, a potent melanocortin, does not protect against cisplatin ototoxicity. Hearing research. 2002;172(1-2):110-7. PMID: 12361873.
  16. 16Dreyer BA, et al. Melanotan-induced priapism: a hard-earned tan. BMJ case reports. 2019;12(2). PMID: 30796078.
  17. 17Hadley ME, et al. Discovery and development of novel melanogenic drugs. Melanotan-I and -II. Pharmaceutical biotechnology. 1998;11:575-95. PMID: 9760697.
  18. 18Paurobally D, et al. Melanotan-associated melanoma. The British journal of dermatology. 2011;164(6):1403-5. PMID: 21564053.
  19. 19Devlin J, et al. Melanotan II overdose associated with priapism. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2013;51(4):383. PMID: 23537392.
  20. 20Callaghan Iii DJ. A glimpse into the underground market of melanotan. Dermatology online journal. 2018;24(5). PMID: 30142729.
  21. 21Raposinho PD, et al. The melanocortin agonist Melanotan-II reduces the orexigenic and adipogenic effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) but does not affect the NPY-driven suppressive effects on the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes in the male rat. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2003;15(2):173-81. PMID: 12535159.
  22. 22Paiva L, et al. Effect of Melanotan-II on Brain Fos Immunoreactivity and Oxytocin Neuronal Activity and Secretion in Rats. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2017;29(2). PMID: 28009464.
  23. 23Ter Laak MP, et al. The potent melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and has neuroprotective properties in the rat. European journal of pharmacology. 2003;462(1-3):179-83. PMID: 12591111.
  24. 24Giuliano F, et al. The use of telemetry technology to test the proerectile effect of melanotan-II (MT-II) in conscious rats. European urology. 2005;48(1):145-51; discussion 151-2. PMID: 15967265.
  25. 25Mahiques-Santos L. [Melanotan]. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas. 2012;103(4):257-9. PMID: 22051769.
  26. 26Breindahl T, et al. Identification and characterization by LC-UV-MS/MS of melanotan II skin-tanning products sold illegally on the Internet. Drug testing and analysis. 2015;7(2):164-72. PMID: 24771717.
  27. 27Jain S, et al. Melanotan II causes hypothermia in mice by activation of mast cells and stimulation of histamine 1 receptors. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism. 2018;315(3):E357-E366. PMID: 29812984.
  28. 28Deville M, et al. Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play. Journal of forensic sciences. 2024;69(6):2331-2338. PMID: 39302005.
  29. 29McMillan TR, et al. Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide deficient mice. Experimental physiology. 2021;106(2):427-437. PMID: 33332767.
  30. 30Rössler AS, et al. The melanocortin agonist, melanotan II, enhances proceptive sexual behaviors in the female rat. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 2006;85(3):514-21. PMID: 17113634.
  31. 31Wessells H, et al. Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II. International journal of impotence research. 2000;12 Suppl 4:S74-9. PMID: 11035391.
  32. 32Ryakhovsky VV, et al. The first preparative solution phase synthesis of melanotan II. Beilstein journal of organic chemistry. 2008;4:39. PMID: 19043625.
  33. 33Banno R, et al. The melanocortin agonist melanotan II increases insulin sensitivity in OLETF rats. Peptides. 2004;25(8):1279-86. PMID: 15350695.
  34. 34Yassin Alsabbagh A, et al. Melanotan II nasal spray: a possible risk factor for oral mucosal malignant melanoma?. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2025;54(9):806-808. PMID: 40210573.
  35. 35Gao L, et al. Analogue of Melanotan II (MTII): A Novel Melanotropin with Superpotent Action on Frog Skin. Protein and peptide letters. 2015;22(8):762-6. PMID: 26095376.
  36. 36Janvier S, et al. Falsification of biotechnology drugs: current dangers and/or future disasters?. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 2018;161:175-191. PMID: 30165334.
  37. 37Ugwu SO, et al. A comparison of HPLC and bioassay methods for plasma melanotan-II (MT-II) determination: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition. 1994;15(5):383-90. PMID: 7981427.
  38. 38Chen B, et al. Combining MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and droplet-base surface sampling analysis for tissue distribution, metabolite profiling, and relative quantification of cyclic peptide melanotan II. Analytica chimica acta. 2020;1125:279-287. PMID: 32674774.
  39. 39Habbema L, et al. Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. International journal of dermatology. 2017;56(10):975-980. PMID: 28266027.
  40. 40Inozemtseva LS, et al. Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) synthetic analogs Semax and Melanotan II on male rats in a model of chronic unpredictable stress. European journal of pharmacology. 2024;984:177068. PMID: 39442746.
  41. 41Mallory CW, et al. Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism. Sexual medicine. 2021;9(1):100298. PMID: 33460908.
  42. 42Lan EL, et al. Preformulation studies with melanotan-II: a potential skin cancer chemopreventive peptide. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 1994;83(8):1081-4. PMID: 7983590.
  43. 43Mestria S, et al. LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs. Drug testing and analysis. 2021;13(4):876-882. PMID: 33245851.
  44. 44Hadley ME, et al. Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization. Peptides. 2006;27(4):921-30. PMID: 16412534.
  45. 45Hatziieremia S, et al. A liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectroscopic method for quantification of the cyclic peptide melanotan-II. Plasma and brain tissue concentrations following administration in mice. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2007;21(15):2431-8. PMID: 17610239.
  46. 46Kimura Y, et al. 5-HT(2C) receptor activation is a common mechanism on proerectile effects of apomorphine, oxytocin and melanotan-II in rats. European journal of pharmacology. 2008;589(1-3):157-62. PMID: 18582863.
  47. 47Glavas MM, et al. Melanocortinergic activation by melanotan II inhibits feeding and increases uncoupling protein 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in the developing rat. Endocrinology. 2007;148(7):3279-87. PMID: 17412803.
  48. 48Wang J, et al. Effects of ghrelin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, and melanotan-II on food intake in rats with paraventricular nucleus lesions. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association. 2007;115(10):669-73. PMID: 18058602.
  49. 49Kilpeläinen M, et al. Nanostructured porous silicon microparticles enable sustained peptide (Melanotan II) delivery. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V. 2011;77(1):20-5. PMID: 20965250.
  50. 50Mock S, et al. Determination of melanotan-II in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rat following intravenous administration. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. 2002;16(22):2142-7. PMID: 12415547.
  51. 51Heijboer AC, et al. Intracerebroventricular administration of melanotan II increases insulin sensitivity of glucose disposal in mice. Diabetologia. 2005;48(8):1621-6. PMID: 15971058.
  52. 52Klenerová V, et al. Effects of melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, on grooming and exploration in rats after repeated restraint/immobilization. Neuroscience letters. 2008;432(3):202-5. PMID: 18191328.
  53. 53Allard J, et al. Central nervous system agents in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: how do they work?. Current urology reports. 2001;2(6):488-94. PMID: 12084236.
  54. 54René P, et al. Pharmacological chaperone action in humanized mouse models of MC4R-linked obesity. JCI insight. 2021;6(4). PMID: 33434184.
  55. 55Bonchev A. Changes in Oral Mucosa Associated with Melanotan II Injections: A Case Report. Life (Basel, Switzerland). 2026;16(2). PMID: 41752902.
  56. 56Bartness TJ, et al. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of brown adipose tissue. International journal of obesity (2005). 2010;34 Suppl 1(0 1):S36-42. PMID: 20935665.
  57. 57Ford CL, et al. Melanocortin agonism in a social context selectively activates nucleus accumbens in an oxytocin-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology. 2024;247:109848. PMID: 38253222.
  58. 58Monge-Roffarello B, et al. The medial preoptic nucleus as a site of the thermogenic and metabolic actions of melanotan II in male rats. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology. 2014;307(2):R158-66. PMID: 24808495.
  59. 59van den Heuvel JK, et al. Inhibitory Effect of the Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Melanotan-II (MTII) on Feeding Depends on Dietary Fat Content and not Obesity in Rats on Free-Choice Diets. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience. 2015;9:358. PMID: 26733840.
  60. 60Yu H, et al. Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity. Molecular metabolism. 2020;35:100957. PMID: 32244188.

We're not your doctor, and this isn't medical advice. It's a plain-English summary of what the research says, so you can have a smarter conversation with someone who is.

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