KPV
A three-amino-acid fragment of alpha-MSH. We read all 36 studies. The protocol is below.
Free — puts KPV on your decision board.
Everything you need to start: dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict.
One purchase · yours forever
Built from 36 cited studies.
- you have mild IBD and your GI hasn't approved adjunctive peptides but your gut still hurts
- you're already on BPC-157 oral and want a less-hyped second peptide
- you're in the functional-medicine "leaky gut" cohort and want to know what's real and what isn't
- **you're being told you have 'leaky gut' by a functional-medicine practitioner without a GI workup.** Leaky gut is not a validated diagnosis on its own — the right move is a real GI evaluation (rule out celiac, IBD, microscopic colitis, SIBO, infection, food intolerance) before you treat the label. KPV won't fix a missed celiac diagnosis or an undiagnosed Crohn's, and a 'leaky gut' label without a workup is the wrong door to walk through to buying it
- you want randomized human data — there isn't any yet
- you have active autoimmune skin disease (rosacea, vitiligo, melanocyte disorders)
- you have a melanocortin-system disorder or recent melanoma history
- Any unusual symptoms — especially relevant if you have a personal or family cancer history (angiogenesis mechanism for BPC-157, TB-500).
- 12 weeks with no perceived improvement vs the no-peptide trajectory.
- New pain or symptoms at injection site that don't resolve in 48 hours.
What it is.
KPV is a three-amino-acid fragment (lysine-proline-valine) of alpha-MSH, a hormone better known for its role in pigmentation. The fragment doesn't have the pigmentary effect of the parent molecule. What it does have, in cell and animal models, is anti-inflammatory activity — specifically dampening the NF-κB pathway that drives a lot of mucosal inflammation.
It's typically used for gut inflammation: IBD-adjacent symptoms, ulcerative colitis-style flares, occasionally skin inflammation in topical form. The most common route is oral (where it's absorbed across the gut mucosa) or topical, less commonly .
It's sold strictly as a research chemical (RUO) in the US. There is no form. There is no recognized clinical indication. It survives commercially because patients with treatment-resistant gut symptoms keep finding it.
TL;DR. 30-second version.
The compressed verdict — what KPV actually is, what the human evidence shows, and the watch-for in three bullets. Locked.
Get the report · $19 ↓Mechanism.
How the molecule actually works — receptor profile, downstream signaling, what to expect mechanistically.
Get the report · $19 ↓Evidence. What we actually know in humans.
The trial breakdown — phase, n, primary endpoint, who funded, what hit, what didn't.
Get the report · $19 ↓Dose. The actual protocol.
The specific protocol — dose, titration schedule, cycle pattern, frequency, route.
Sourcing. Where the cohort actually buys.
Sourcing breakdown — vendor methodology, red flags, our published test results, COA checklist.
Safety. Side effects.
The watch-for list — contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring labs, when to stop.
Get the report · $19 ↓Editorial position.
Our editorial position — explicit yes / no / depends, with the reasoning behind it.
Get the report · $19 ↓Citations.
- 01Zhang L, et al. KPV and RAPA Self-Assembled into Carrier-Free Nanodrugs for Vascular Calcification Therapy. Advanced healthcare materials. 2024;13(32):e2402320. PMID: 39252648.
- 02Pawar K, et al. Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Lysine-Proline-Valine (KPV) Peptide Across Microporated Human Skin. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2017;106(7):1814-1820. PMID: 28343991.
- 03Dalmasso G, et al. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-78. PMID: 18061177.
- 04Zeng K, et al. NLRP3 autophagic degradation disruption in melanocytes contributes to vitiligo development. Cell death and differentiation. 2026;33(2):343-357. PMID: 40935835.
- 05Elliott RJ, et al. alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH 11-13 KPV and adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling in human keratinocyte cells. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2004;122(4):1010-9. PMID: 15102092.
+Show all 36 citationsShow fewer citations
- 06Kannengiesser K, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases. 2008;14(3):324-31. PMID: 18092346.
- 07Sung J, et al. Lysine-Proline-Valine peptide mitigates fine dust-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and inflammation by regulating oxidative stress and modulating the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Tissue & cell. 2025;95:102837. PMID: 40073467.
- 08Pawar KR, et al. Stability-indicating HPLC assay for lysine-proline-valine (KPV) in aqueous solutions and skin homogenates. Biomedical chromatography : BMC. 2015;29(5):716-21. PMID: 25298219.
- 09Getting SJ, et al. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 2003;306(2):631-7. PMID: 12750433.
- 10Songok AC, et al. Structural modification of the tripeptide KPV by reductive "glycoalkylation" of the lysine residue. PloS one. 2018;13(6):e0199686. PMID: 29953505.
- 11Xiao B, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. PMID: 28143741.
- 12Zhao Y, et al. A KPV-binding double-network hydrogel restores gut mucosal barrier in an inflamed colon. Acta biomaterialia. 2022;143:233-252. PMID: 35245681.
- 13Luger TA, et al. New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2003;994:133-40. PMID: 12851308.
- 14Catania A, et al. The neuropeptide alpha-MSH in host defense. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000;917:227-31. PMID: 11268348.
- 15Sun J, et al. Self-Cross-Linked Hydrogel of Cysteamine-Grafted γ-Polyglutamic Acid Stabilized Tripeptide KPV for Alleviating TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats. ACS biomaterials science & engineering. 2021;7(10):4859-4869. PMID: 34547895.
- 16Ichiyama T, et al. The neuroimmunomodulatory peptide alpha-MSH. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000;917:221-6. PMID: 11268347.
- 17Zeng M, et al. Peptide Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probe: Visualization and Discrimination between Chronic and Acute Ulcerative Colitis. ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2017;9(15):13029-13036. PMID: 28349696.
- 18Shao W, et al. In situ mucoadhesive hydrogel capturing tripeptide KPV: the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and repairing effect on chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Biomaterials science. 2021;10(1):227-242. PMID: 34846053.
- 19Land SC. Inhibition of cellular and systemic inflammation cues in human bronchial epithelial cells by melanocortin-related peptides: mechanism of KPV action and a role for MC3R agonists. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. 2012;4(2):59-73. PMID: 22837805.
- 20Brzoska T, et al. Terminal signal: anti-inflammatory effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone related peptides beyond the pharmacophore. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2010;681:107-16. PMID: 21222263.
- 21Laroui H, et al. Drug-loaded nanoparticles targeted to the colon with polysaccharide hydrogel reduce colitis in a mouse model. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(3):843-53.e1-2. PMID: 19909746.
- 22Bonfiglio V, et al. Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. Experimental eye research. 2006;83(6):1366-72. PMID: 16965771.
- 23Sun MC, et al. Biomimetic Melanosomes Promote Orientation-Selective Delivery and Melanocyte Pigmentation in the H(2)O(2)-Induced Vitiligo Mouse Model. ACS nano. 2021;15(11):17361-17374. PMID: 34662120.
- 24Gravina AG, et al. The Melanocortin System in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Insights into Its Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. Cells. 2023;12(14). PMID: 37508552.
- 25Gatti S, et al. Inhibitory effects of the peptide (CKPV)2 on endotoxin-induced host reactions. The Journal of surgical research. 2006;131(2):209-14. PMID: 16413580.
- 26Viennois E, et al. Critical role of PepT1 in promoting colitis-associated cancer and therapeutic benefits of the anti-inflammatory PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV in a murine model. Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology. 2016;2(3):340-357. PMID: 27458604.
- 27Böhm M, et al. Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing?. Experimental dermatology. 2019;28(3):219-224. PMID: 30661264.
- 28Luger TA, et al. alpha-MSH related peptides: a new class of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating drugs. Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2007;66 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):iii52-5. PMID: 17934097.
- 29Macaluso A, et al. Antiinflammatory influences of alpha-MSH molecules: central neurogenic and peripheral actions. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1994;14(4):2377-82. PMID: 8158274.
- 30Richards DB, et al. Effect of alpha-MSH 11-13 (lysine-proline-valine) on fever in the rabbit. Peptides. 1984;5(4):815-7. PMID: 6333677.
- 31Brzoska T, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocrine reviews. 2008;29(5):581-602. PMID: 18612139.
- 32Rodrigues JM, et al. Host defense peptides as a new drug lead to a strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. Drug discovery today. 2025;30(12):104535. PMID: 41241376.
- 33Zhang D, et al. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combined treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced ColitiS. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2024;15:1442876. PMID: 39211778.
- 34Barcellini W, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides inhibit HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells and in acutely infected monocytes. Journal of leukocyte biology. 2000;68(5):693-9. PMID: 11073109.
- 35Kelly JM, et al. Immobilized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone 10-13 (GKPV) inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated NF-kappaB activity. Peptides. 2006;27(2):431-7. PMID: 16274845.
- 36Carotenuto A, et al. Structure-function relationships and conformational properties of alpha-MSH(6-13) analogues with candidacidal activity. Chemical biology & drug design. 2007;69(1):68-74. PMID: 17313459.
Everything you need to start.
Dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict. One purchase. Yours forever.
Built from 36 cited studies.