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RUO · Research Use OnlyFor Long+1 more

Humanin

A 24-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA. We read all 60 studies. The protocol is below.

Updated 03 May 2026Read 12 minEvidence ●○○○○Citations 60

Free — puts Humanin on your decision board.

The Humanin Report · $19

Everything you need to start: dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict.

One purchase · yours forever

Built from 60 cited studies.

Status
Research-only
Class
For Long
Evidence
1/ 5●○○○○
Interventional human trials
Animal studies
Endogenous compound
Read this if
  • you're already running MOTS-c and want the next mitochondrial-derived peptide
  • you have a parent slipping into MCI and you're reading every centenarian-biology paper you can find
  • you understand the supply chain is thin and you're okay with that
  • **what good looks like on the label — there are three different molecules sold as "humanin": native HN (24-aa, mild), S14G-HN / HNG (synthetic analog, ~1,000× more potent in cell assays; Hashimoto 2001 PMID 11371646), and HNGF6A (further-modified analog).** RUO vendors swap labels. If your bottle says "humanin" with no qualifier, assume native — and assume the studies you read used the analog, not what's in your vial.
Skip this if
  • **you have a personal or first-degree-family cancer history — this is the molecule to skip.** Humanin's anti-apoptotic mechanism is the concern: apoptosis is the body's primary defense against pre-cancerous cells, and a molecule that blocks apoptosis chronically could in theory protect tumor cells too. No human data either way — but with cancer history in the room, the mechanism alone is enough to walk
  • **you're on insulin, a sulfonylurea, or any hypoglycemic agent** — humanin enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion *and* increases insulin sensitivity (Muzumdar 2009 PMC 2709436); the additive hypoglycemia risk has no clinical-pharmacology data, just mechanism — don't stack without your endocrinologist
  • you want clean human RCTs — they're not there
  • you're looking for a first-line cognitive or metabolic intervention
  • you have a known mitochondrial disease and aren't being managed by a specialist
First 90 days · Humanin
Weeks 1–2
Nothing perceptible. Longevity peptides are not 'feel something' molecules. If a vendor says you'll notice an effect this fast, they're selling you on placebo.
Weeks 4–8
Possibly subtle shifts in biomarkers (inflammation, sleep, recovery). Subjective changes in this window are usually placebo and confounded with whatever else you changed.
Week 12 — decide
Bloodwork or biomarker check. If the protocol can't be defended on a labeled change at 12 weeks, it can't be defended on hope.
Quit if
  • Any unusual symptoms — especially the cancer-mechanism flag for angiogenic peptides.
  • 12 weeks of continuous use with no objective biomarker support to keep going.
  • Tolerance signal (the protocol needs escalating doses to feel the same).
Identity

What it is.

Humanin is a 24-amino-acid encoded inside the mitochondrial genome — like MOTS-c, it belongs to the small family of mitochondrial-derived peptides that signal back to the rest of the cell. It was discovered in 2001 by a Japanese group searching for protective factors against Alzheimer's-related neuron death.

The original finding: humanin protects neurons from amyloid-beta toxicity in cell culture. Since then, the literature has expanded into broader neuroprotection, cardioprotection, and metabolic effects, including improved insulin sensitivity in animal models.

Levels in human plasma drop with age. People with longevity-associated genetic variants (centenarian offspring) tend to have higher circulating humanin. That correlation is the engine behind the longevity- marketing.

There is no version. Sold strictly as a research chemical (RUO) in the US, often as a more stable analog called HNG (humanin-G).

TL;DR

TL;DR. 30-second version.

The compressed verdict — what Humanin actually is, what the human evidence shows, and the watch-for in three bullets. Locked.

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Mechanism

Mechanism.

Mechanism · in the Humanin report

How the molecule actually works — receptor profile, downstream signaling, what to expect mechanistically.

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Evidence

Evidence. What we actually know in humans.

Evidence · in the Humanin report

The trial breakdown — phase, n, primary endpoint, who funded, what hit, what didn't.

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Human-Evidence Factbox
Interventional human trials
$19
Animal studies
$19
Endogenous compound
$19
Community dose (rodent-extrapolated)
$19
Half-life (estimated)
$19
Anti-apoptotic mechanism
$19
Isoform mislabel risk
$19
Insulin / hypoglycemic-agent stacking
$19
Long-term safety data
$19
Dose

Dose. The actual protocol.

Dose · in the Humanin report

The specific protocol — dose, titration schedule, cycle pattern, frequency, route.

We read 60 studies to write this report.
Get the report · $19
Sourcing

Sourcing. Where the cohort actually buys.

Sourcing · in the Humanin report

Sourcing breakdown — vendor methodology, red flags, our published test results, COA checklist.

We read 60 studies to write this report.
Get the report · $19
Safety

Safety. Side effects.

Safety · in the Humanin report

The watch-for list — contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring labs, when to stop.

Get the report · $19
Editorial Position

Editorial position.

Editorial Position · in the Humanin report

Our editorial position — explicit yes / no / depends, with the reasoning behind it.

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Citations

Citations.

  1. 01Coradduzza D, et al. Humanin and Its Pathophysiological Roles in Aging: A Systematic Review. Biology. 2023;12(4). PMID: 37106758.
  2. 02Lei H, et al. The role of humanin in the regulation of reproduction. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(1):130023. PMID: 34626748.
  3. 03Niikura T. Humanin and Alzheimer's disease: The beginning of a new field. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(1):130024. PMID: 34626746.
  4. 04Xiao J, et al. Humanin: Functional Interfaces with IGF-I. Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. 2016;29:21-27. PMID: 27082450.
  5. 05Hazafa A, et al. Humanin: A mitochondrial-derived peptide in the treatment of apoptosis-related diseases. Life sciences. 2021;264:118679. PMID: 33130077.
+Show all 60 citations
  1. 06Rochette L, et al. Role of humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, in cardiovascular disorders. Archives of cardiovascular diseases. 2020;113(8-9):564-571. PMID: 32680738.
  2. 07Gong Z, et al. Cardio-protective role of Humanin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(2):130066. PMID: 34896254.
  3. 08Boutari C, et al. Humanin and diabetes mellitus: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. World journal of diabetes. 2022;13(3):213-223. PMID: 35432758.
  4. 09Niikura T, et al. Humanin: after the discovery. Molecular neurobiology. 2004;30(3):327-40. PMID: 15655255.
  5. 10Maraux M, et al. HUMANIN produced by human efferocytic macrophages promotes the resolution of inflammation. Cell death & disease. 2025;16(1):656. PMID: 40877234.
  6. 11Karachaliou CE, et al. Neuroprotective Action of Humanin and Humanin Analogues: Research Findings and Perspectives. Biology. 2023;12(12). PMID: 38132360.
  7. 12Matsuoka M, et al. Humanin and the receptors for humanin. Molecular neurobiology. 2010;41(1):22-8. PMID: 19997871.
  8. 13Wijenayake S, et al. The role of humanin in natural stress tolerance: An underexplored therapeutic avenue. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(1):130022. PMID: 34626747.
  9. 14Thiankhaw K, et al. Roles of humanin and derivatives on the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and cognition. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(4):130097. PMID: 35104624.
  10. 15Rochette L. Humanin: A mitochondria-derived peptide with emerging properties. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie. 2020;69(4):155-157. PMID: 32800320.
  11. 16Matsuoka M. Humanin signal for Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. 2011;24 Suppl 2:27-32. PMID: 21335658.
  12. 17Matsuoka M. Humanin; a defender against Alzheimer's disease?. Recent patents on CNS drug discovery. 2009;4(1):37-42. PMID: 19149712.
  13. 18Alqahtani SM, et al. The neuroprotective role of Humanin in Alzheimer's disease: The molecular effects. European journal of pharmacology. 2025;998:177510. PMID: 40090538.
  14. 19Ikegawa N, et al. Humanin derivative, HNG, enhances neurotransmitter release. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(10):130204. PMID: 35843407.
  15. 20Gong Z, et al. Humanin and age-related diseases: a new link?. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2014;5:210. PMID: 25538685.
  16. 21El Kattawy HA, et al. Humanin Ameliorates Late-onset Hypogonadism in Aged Male Rats. Current molecular pharmacology. 2022;15(7):996-1008. PMID: 35086467.
  17. 22Mahboobi H, et al. Humanin: a possible linkage between Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. CNS & neurological disorders drug targets. 2014;13(3):543-52. PMID: 24365186.
  18. 23Zuccato CF, et al. Mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin as therapeutic target in cancer and degenerative diseases. Expert opinion on therapeutic targets. 2019;23(2):117-126. PMID: 30582721.
  19. 24Ha CP, et al. Humanin activates integrin αV-TGFβ axis and leads to glioblastoma progression. Cell death & disease. 2024;15(6):464. PMID: 38942749.
  20. 25Zou L, et al. The humanin analogue (HNG) alleviates intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting endometrial epithelial cells ferroptosis: a rat model-based study. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2023;38(12):2422-2432. PMID: 37814907.
  21. 26Charununtakorn ST, et al. Potential Roles of Humanin on Apoptosis in the Heart. Cardiovascular therapeutics. 2016;34(2):107-14. PMID: 26667157.
  22. 27Burtscher J, et al. Mitochondrial stress and mitokines in aging. Aging cell. 2023;22(2):e13770. PMID: 36642986.
  23. 28Cai H, et al. Protective Mechanism of Humanin Against Oxidative Stress in Aging-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2021;12:683151. PMID: 34177809.
  24. 29Salemi M, et al. Humanin gene expression in subjects with Parkinson's disease. Molecular biology reports. 2023;50(3):2943-2949. PMID: 36626066.
  25. 30Li M, et al. [Gly14]-Humanin ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial senescence via SIRT6. Scientific reports. 2024;14(1):30924. PMID: 39730568.
  26. 31Rodriguez Paris V, et al. Humanin: A Potential Treatment for PCOS?. Endocrinology. 2021;162(8). PMID: 33899108.
  27. 32Logan IS. Humanin P3S, haplogroup N1b and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Aging cell. 2024;23(7):e14207. PMID: 38757793.
  28. 33Matsuoka M, et al. Humanin and colivelin: neuronal-death-suppressing peptides for Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CNS drug reviews. 2006;12(2):113-22. PMID: 16958985.
  29. 34Lue Y, et al. The emerging role of mitochondrial derived peptide humanin in the testis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2021;1865(12):130009. PMID: 34534645.
  30. 35Blatkiewicz M, et al. Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024;25(2). PMID: 38256114.
  31. 36Coradduzza D, et al. Diagnostic relevance of Humanin, GAS5 and miR-21/miR-103 in prostate disease risk stratification. Clinical and experimental medicine. 2025;25(1):279. PMID: 40768089.
  32. 37Kim SJ, et al. Humanin-induced autophagy plays important roles in skeletal muscle function and lifespan extension. Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects. 2022;1866(1):130017. PMID: 34624450.
  33. 38Xia Y, et al. Age-related Changes in Humanin Expression in the Ovarian Tissue of Rat. Current medical science. 2023;43(3):579-584. PMID: 37115400.
  34. 39Nishimoto I, et al. Unravelling the role of Humanin. Trends in molecular medicine. 2004;10(3):102-5. PMID: 15106598.
  35. 40Zhu D, et al. Humanin reduces nucleus pulposus cells ferroptosis to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration: An in vitro and in vivo study. Journal of orthopaedic translation. 2025;50:274-294. PMID: 39902261.
  36. 41Thapak P, et al. Humanin ameliorates TBI-related cognitive impairment by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease. 2024;1870(2):166937. PMID: 37926362.
  37. 42Bilgin B, et al. Humanin attenuates metabolic, toxic, and traumatic neuropathic pain in mice by protecting against oxidative stress and increasing inflammatory cytokine. Neuropharmacology. 2025;263:110207. PMID: 39510375.
  38. 43Miller B, et al. Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology. Aging cell. 2024;23(7):e14153. PMID: 38520065.
  39. 44Wagner ML, et al. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HUMANIN-G IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN FEMALE MICE VIA AMPKα1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2023;60(1):64-74. PMID: 37079467.
  40. 45Atreya MR, et al. SERUM HUMANIN IN PEDIATRIC SEPTIC SHOCK-ASSOCIATED MULTIPLE-ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME. Shock (Augusta, Ga.). 2024;61(1):83-88. PMID: 37917869.
  41. 46Zhu S, et al. The Molecular Structure and Role of Humanin in Neural and Skeletal Diseases, and in Tissue Regeneration. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. 2022;10:823354. PMID: 35372353.
  42. 47Huang J, et al. S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in a cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian insufficiency mouse model. Molecular human reproduction. 2025;31(3). PMID: 40811024.
  43. 48Morris DL, et al. Humanin variants aggregate to produce different fibril morphologies. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2025;301(7):110403. PMID: 40543583.
  44. 49Peña Agudelo JA, et al. Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin Facilitates Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers. 2023;15(16). PMID: 37627089.
  45. 50Katiyar R, et al. An evidence of Humanin-like peptide and Humanin mediated cryosurvival of spermatozoa in buffalo bulls. Theriogenology. 2022;194:13-26. PMID: 36183493.
  46. 51Halonen S, et al. Humanin vivoliver and tumor bioimpedance measured with biopsy needle. Physiological measurement. 2022;43(1). PMID: 35051907.
  47. 52Wu Y, et al. S14G-humanin alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Aging. 2023;15(23):13865-13875. PMID: 38054825.
  48. 53Qin Q, et al. Humanin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in pancreatic MIN6 β-cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2018;497(1):292-297. PMID: 29432738.
  49. 54Kelestemur MM, et al. Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model. Archives of physiology and biochemistry. 2024;130(6):898-908. PMID: 38599217.
  50. 55Coradduzza D, et al. Plasma Humanin and Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Pilot Study. Non-coding RNA. 2025;11(1). PMID: 39846683.
  51. 56Moreno Ayala MA, et al. Humanin Promotes Tumor Progression in Experimental Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Scientific reports. 2020;10(1):8542. PMID: 32444831.
  52. 57Rao M, et al. Humanin levels in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa are related to sperm quality. Andrology. 2019;7(6):859-866. PMID: 30920769.
  53. 58Amman AM, et al. Humanin-G Ameliorates Hemorrhage-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Through AMPKα1-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Biomedicines. 2024;12(11). PMID: 39595179.
  54. 59Li W, et al. Humanin Ameliorates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Endothelial Inflammation by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome. ACS omega. 2020;5(35):22039-22045. PMID: 32923762.
  55. 60Matsuoka M. Protective effects of Humanin and calmodulin-like skin protein in Alzheimer's disease and broad range of abnormalities. Molecular neurobiology. 2015;51(3):1232-9. PMID: 24969584.
The Humanin Report · $19

Everything you need to start.

Dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict. One purchase. Yours forever.

Built from 60 cited studies.

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