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HMG

Menotropin. We read all 60 studies. The protocol is below.

Updated 03 May 2026Read 12 minEvidence ●●●●●Citations 60

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The HMG Report · $19

Everything you need to start: dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict.

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Built from 60 cited studies.

Status
FDA
Class
For Wet
Evidence
5/ 5●●●●●
Years in clinical use
Read this if
  • you're on TRT, you've been on it long enough that hCG isn't restoring sperm, and you want kids
  • you're going through IVF and Menopur is on your protocol
  • you ran a long anabolic cycle and need the FSH side that hCG alone won't give you
Skip this if
  • you want a libido or "boost" peptide — this isn't one
  • you have hormone-sensitive cancer or undiagnosed adnexal masses
  • you can't reliably inject several times a week and follow a stim protocol
  • **you're looking at an 'RUO hMG' vial** — walk. hMG is an FDA-approved injectable; the legitimate products are Menopur (Ferring) and Repronex. The molecule is purified from postmenopausal urine at industrial scale — not a synthesis route research-chemical vendors can replicate. 'RUO hMG' is essentially never the real product
First 90 days · HMG
Weeks 1–2
On-demand class — works in 30–60 min on the day of use or it doesn't. The PT-141 effect either shows up at the proper dose or it's the wrong molecule for you.
Weeks 4–8
Side-effect accumulation is the real watch-for: facial hyperpigmentation (MC1 receptor), nausea with repeated use, mood changes.
Week 12 — decide
Decide based on the on-demand response pattern, not a slow build-up. There is no slow build-up here.
Quit if
  • Facial or scalp hyperpigmentation that doesn't fade after stopping for 2–4 weeks.
  • Persistent nausea on repeated use.
  • Zero response to 2–3 attempts at proper dose (one of these — it's not for everyone).
Identity

What it is.

hMG is human menopausal gonadotropin — a preparation containing both FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) in roughly equal proportions. Originally extracted from the urine of post-menopausal women (Menopur, Menogon, Pergonal), where FSH and LH are naturally elevated due to the loss of ovarian feedback. Recombinant versions and purified urinary versions also exist.

It's for female infertility — specifically for stimulating multiple follicle development in women undergoing IVF or other assisted reproduction protocols. It's also approved for inducing spermatogenesis in men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, usually after an initial period of hCG to elevate intratesticular testosterone.

In the men's health and TRT-fertility world, hMG is used alongside hCG to restore or maintain sperm production. The combination matters — hCG handles the LH side, hMG provides the FSH side that hCG alone doesn't cover.

TL;DR

TL;DR. 30-second version.

The compressed verdict — what HMG actually is, what the human evidence shows, and the watch-for in three bullets. Locked.

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Mechanism

Mechanism.

Mechanism · in the HMG report

How the molecule actually works — receptor profile, downstream signaling, what to expect mechanistically.

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Evidence

Evidence. What we actually know in humans.

Evidence · in the HMG report

The trial breakdown — phase, n, primary endpoint, who funded, what hit, what didn't.

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Human-Evidence Factbox
Years in clinical use
$19
Sperm-induction rate — hCG alone (HH men)
$19
Sperm-induction rate — hCG + hMG/rFSH
$19
When to add hMG to hCG
$19
Sourcing red flag — 'RUO hMG'
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Cost reconciled
$19
Major adverse events flagged
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Dose

Dose. The actual protocol.

Dose · in the HMG report

The specific protocol — dose, titration schedule, cycle pattern, frequency, route.

We read 60 studies to write this report.
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Sourcing

Sourcing. Where the cohort actually buys.

Sourcing · in the HMG report

Sourcing breakdown — vendor methodology, red flags, our published test results, COA checklist.

We read 60 studies to write this report.
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Safety

Safety. Side effects.

Safety · in the HMG report

The watch-for list — contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring labs, when to stop.

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Editorial Position

Editorial position.

Editorial Position · in the HMG report

Our editorial position — explicit yes / no / depends, with the reasoning behind it.

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Citations

Citations.

  1. 01Capolupo A, et al. Analytical Investigation of the Profile of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Highly Purified Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin Preparations. International journal of molecular sciences. 2024;25(17). PMID: 39273352.
  2. 02Li J, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) combined different doses of letrozole for treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2025;42(6):1895-1906. PMID: 40193016.
  3. 03Li HQ, et al. Retrospective analysis: The application of human menopausal gonadotropin combined with letrozole for IUI in patients undergoing artificial insemination by husband due to unexplained or mild male factors. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2022;13:1038433. PMID: 36605946.
  4. 04Deeks ED. Highly Purified Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (Menopur(®)): A Profile of Its Use in Infertility. Clinical drug investigation. 2018;38(11):1077-1084. PMID: 30264288.
  5. 05Levi Setti PE, et al. Human recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) compared to urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction: a literature review and cost evaluation. Journal of endocrinological investigation. 2015;38(5):497-503. PMID: 25480425.
+Show all 60 citations
  1. 06Korucu DG, et al. Comparing highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone in poor ovarian reserve patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Ceska gynekologie. 2024;89(6):469-474. PMID: 39800543.
  2. 07Fischer L, et al. Luteinizing hormone supplementation with human menopausal gonadotropin versus low dose human chorionic gonadotropin during ovarian stimulation does not affect live birth rates after fresh and frozen embryo transfer. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. 2024;50(10):1935-1944. PMID: 39245464.
  3. 08Büchter D, et al. Pulsatile GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotropin as effective treatment for men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a review of 42 cases. European journal of endocrinology. 1998;139(3):298-303. PMID: 9758439.
  4. 09Berker B, et al. Human Menopausal Gonadotropin Commenced on Early Follicular Period Increases Live Birth Rates in POSEIDON Group 3 and 4 Poor Responders. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). 2021;28(2):488-494. PMID: 32833190.
  5. 10Abdel-Salam M, et al. The possible effect of human menopausal gonadotropin on the audio-vestibular system. Auris, nasus, larynx. 2018;45(6):1166-1172. PMID: 29747963.
  6. 11Kemeter P, et al. Ovarian stimulation with clomiphene and/or human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET). Experientia. 1985;41(12):1502-7. PMID: 3935476.
  7. 12Chen LH, et al. Supplementation with human menopausal gonadotropin in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cycles of women with high AMH: Pregnancy outcomes and serial hormone levels. Taiwanese journal of obstetrics & gynecology. 2021;60(4):739-744. PMID: 34247817.
  8. 13Fishel SB, et al. Implantation, abortion, and birth after in vitro fertilization using the natural menstrual cycle or follicular stimulation with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin. Journal of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer : IVF. 1985;2(3):123-31. PMID: 3932567.
  9. 14Kaplan PF, et al. Subcutaneous human menopausal gonadotropin administration for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with intrauterine insemination cycles. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2000;182(6):1421-6. PMID: 10871458.
  10. 15Meldrum DR. Ovulation induction protocols. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 1992;116(4):406-9. PMID: 1558480.
  11. 16Ben-Rafael Z, et al. Dose of human menopausal gonadotropin influences the outcome of an in vitro fertilization program. Fertility and sterility. 1987;48(6):964-8. PMID: 3119377.
  12. 17Baer G, et al. Comparison of recombinant human luteinising hormone (r-hLH) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in assisted reproductive technology. Current medical research and opinion. 2003;19(2):83-8. PMID: 12740151.
  13. 18Marci R, et al. Follow-up of 32 hypothalamo-hypopituitary patients treated with pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone or human menopausal gonadotropin. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 1999;13(6):375-81. PMID: 10685330.
  14. 19van Wely M, et al. Urofollitropin and ovulation induction. Treatments in endocrinology. 2005;4(3):155-65. PMID: 15898821.
  15. 20Olson JL, et al. Shortened luteal phase after ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertility and sterility. 1983;39(3):284-91. PMID: 6402386.
  16. 21Daya S. Follicle-stimulating hormone versus human menopausal gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization: results of a meta-analysis. Hormone research. 1995;43(5):224-9. PMID: 7782055.
  17. 22Levy T, et al. Low- versus high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 1995;12(4):235-8. PMID: 7580018.
  18. 23Maroulis GB, et al. Prospective randomized study of human menotropin versus a follicular and a luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog-human menotropin stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization. Fertility and sterility. 1991;55(6):1157-64. PMID: 1903732.
  19. 24Gougeon A, et al. Influence of human menopausal gonadotropin on the recruitment of human ovarian follicles. Fertility and sterility. 1990;54(5):848-52. PMID: 2121553.
  20. 25Shoham Z, et al. Results of ovulation induction using human menopausal gonadotropin or purified follicle-stimulating hormone in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism patients. Fertility and sterility. 1991;56(6):1048-53. PMID: 1743320.
  21. 26Martinez AR, et al. Pregnancy rates after timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination after human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation of normal ovulatory cycles: a controlled study. Fertility and sterility. 1991;55(2):258-65. PMID: 1899393.
  22. 27Garcia JE, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin follicular maturation for oocyte aspiration: phase I, 1981. Fertility and sterility. 1983;39(2):167-73. PMID: 6217993.
  23. 28Edelstein MC, et al. Equivalency of human menopausal gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist suppression. Fertility and sterility. 1990;53(1):103-6. PMID: 2104806.
  24. 29Grøndahl ML, et al. Differences in gene expression of granulosa cells from women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with either recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone or highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin. Fertility and sterility. 2009;91(5):1820-30. PMID: 18439596.
  25. 30van de Weijer BH, et al. Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities. Reproductive biomedicine online. 2003;7(5):547-57. PMID: 14680547.
  26. 31Laufer N, et al. The use of high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertility and sterility. 1983;40(6):734-41. PMID: 6228444.
  27. 32Garcia JE, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin follicular maturation for oocyte aspiration: phase II, 1981. Fertility and sterility. 1983;39(2):174-9. PMID: 6401635.
  28. 33Bühler KF, et al. Comparative effectiveness of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone alfa (r-hFSH-alfa) versus highly purified urinary human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG HP) in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments: a non-interventional study in Germany. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E. 2021;19(1):90. PMID: 34134695.
  29. 34Edirisinghe WR, et al. Superovulation of mice with human menopausal gonadotropin or pure follicle-stimulating hormone in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin and the effects of oocyte aging on in vitro fertilization. Journal of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer : IVF. 1986;3(5):314-8. PMID: 3097220.
  30. 35Seibel MM, et al. Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome with urinary follicle-stimulating hormone or human menopausal gonadotropin. Fertility and sterility. 1985;43(5):703-8. PMID: 3922800.
  31. 36Gadir AA, et al. The response of patients with polycystic ovarian disease to human menopausal gonadotropin therapy after ovarian electrocautery or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. Fertility and sterility. 1992;57(2):309-13. PMID: 1735480.
  32. 37Orvieto R, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin versus highly purified-hMG in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in-vitro fertilisation: does purity improve outcome?. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 2010;26(10):733-5. PMID: 20500109.
  33. 38Chong AP, et al. Influence of weight in the induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Fertility and sterility. 1986;46(4):599-603. PMID: 3093282.
  34. 39Oride A, et al. Comparison of human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation with and without clomiphene for in-vitro fertilisation in poor-responders. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2015;35(2):163-7. PMID: 25058620.
  35. 40Abbasi R, et al. Cumulative ovulation rate in human menopausal/human chorionic gonadotropin-treated monkeys: "step-up" versus "step-down" dose regimens. Fertility and sterility. 1987;47(6):1019-24. PMID: 3109955.
  36. 41Diamond MP, et al. Comparison of ovarian response in the same women with the same or different lots of human menopausal gonadotropin. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 1992;6(2):135-9. PMID: 1502931.
  37. 42Venturoli S, et al. Human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin in induction of multiple follicle growth and ovulation. Fertility and sterility. 1986;45(1):30-5. PMID: 3080344.
  38. 43Alcivar AA, et al. Endocrine changes in beef heifers superovulated with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH-P) or human menopausal gonadotropin. Journal of animal science. 1992;70(1):224-31. PMID: 1582910.
  39. 44Aboulghar MA, et al. Successful treatment of long-term unexplained infertility with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist analogue and human menopausal gonadotropin. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 1990;69(4):313-5. PMID: 2123068.
  40. 45Vermesh M, et al. Follicle-stimulating hormone is the main determinant of follicular recruitment and development in ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1987;157(6):1397-402. PMID: 3122575.
  41. 46Xia X, et al. A cohort study of both human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and recombinant luteinizing hormone addition at early follicular stage in in vitro fertilization outcome: A STROBE-compliant study. Medicine. 2019;98(19):e15512. PMID: 31083194.
  42. 47Gleicher N, et al. Generic human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in place of more costly follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for routine ovulation induction. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics. 2000;17(9):489-95. PMID: 11155320.
  43. 48Stokman PG, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin in commercial human menopausal gonadotropin preparations. Fertility and sterility. 1993;60(1):175-8. PMID: 8513939.
  44. 49Venturoli S, et al. Induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary: human menopausal gonadotropin or human urinary follicle stimulating hormone?. International journal of fertility. 1987;32(1):66-70. PMID: 2880819.
  45. 50Benadiva CA, et al. Ovarian response to human menopausal gonadotropin following suppression with oral contraceptives. Fertility and sterility. 1988;50(3):516-8. PMID: 3137106.
  46. 51Takaya Y, et al. Minimum values for midluteal plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations in patients who achieved pregnancy with timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination without a human menopausal gonadotropin. BMC research notes. 2018;11(1):61. PMID: 29357944.
  47. 52Pantos C, et al. Increasing the human menopausal gonadotropin dose--does the response really improve?. Fertility and sterility. 1990;53(3):436-9. PMID: 2106451.
  48. 53Rashidi M, et al. Advantages of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone over human menopausal gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation in intrauterine insemination: a randomized clinical trial in unexplained infertility. European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology. 2013;169(2):244-7. PMID: 23541417.
  49. 54Laufer N, et al. Delaying human chorionic gonadotropin administration in human menopausal gonadotropin-induced cycles decreases successful in vitro fertilization of human oocytes. Fertility and sterility. 1984;42(2):198-203. PMID: 6430722.
  50. 55Chaffkin LM, et al. A comparative analysis of the cycle fecundity rates associated with combined human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) versus either hMG or IUI alone. Fertility and sterility. 1991;55(2):252-7. PMID: 1899392.
  51. 56Littman BA, et al. Human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation in monkeys: blockade of the luteinizing hormone surge by a highly transient ovarian factor. Fertility and sterility. 1984;41(3):440-7. PMID: 6421627.
  52. 57Yang TS, et al. Comparison of human menopausal gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist desensitization for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in in vitro fertilization. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi = Chinese medical journal; Free China ed. 1995;55(6):452-6. PMID: 7634183.
  53. 58Serafini P, et al. Human chorionic gonadotropin reduces aromatizable androgens and aromatase activity in women stimulated by clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1986;155(6):1236-9. PMID: 3098102.
  54. 59McFaul PB, et al. Treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome with pure follicle-stimulating hormone or human menopausal gonadotropin. Fertility and sterility. 1990;53(5):792-7. PMID: 2110070.
  55. 60Plachot M, et al. Sequential use of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin in human in vitro fertilization. I. Follicular growth and oocyte suitability. Fertility and sterility. 1985;43(2):255-62. PMID: 3917950.
The HMG Report · $19

Everything you need to start.

Dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict. One purchase. Yours forever.

Built from 60 cited studies.

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