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Approved in ChinaGLP-1 / Glucagon+2 more

Mazdutide

Innovent Biologics' dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist. We read all 39 studies. The protocol is below.

Updated 03 May 2026Read 8 minEvidence ●●●●○Citations 39
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The Mazdutide Report · $19

Everything you need to start: dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict.

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Built from 39 cited studies.

Status
Rx
Class
GLP-1 / Glucagon
Evidence
4/ 5●●●●○
China approval (Mafu)
$19 ↓
FDA status
$19 ↓
GLORY-1 weight loss (6 mg, 48 wk)
$19 ↓
Read this if
  • you saw the 20.1% GLORY-2 headline and want the honest read before you chase a Chinese pen on Telegram
  • you're an expat in China or have family there and Mafu is sold at your local pharmacy
  • you've already run tirzepatide and want to understand the GLP-1/glucagon dual mechanism
  • you read pharma trade press and want to know whether mazdutide ever crosses the Pacific
Skip this if
  • you want an FDA-approved drug — this isn't one in the US (importing for personal use is illegal)
  • you're shopping the RUO lane expecting real mazdutide — what arrives is frequently a substituted analog, not the molecule
  • you have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or pheochromocytoma
  • you have a history of pancreatitis or significant cardiovascular disease
The 4 ways you can buy Mazdutide
Brand
✗
No FDA approval
Compounded 503A
✓
Not US-approved — limited …
$350–$600/mo where available
Hard to source legally pre-FDA approval; most US 503A pharmacies decline.
RUO (research-only)
✓
Sold for research only
$180–$350/mo
Unverified purity, no oversight.
Gray market
✓
Illegal to import for huma…
Varies — not on user's vendor list
Unverified. Small gray market exists outside China; pricing not confirmed.
Click any lane for the full Sourcing breakdown.
First 90 days · Mazdutide
Weeks 1–2
Different shape from the FDA GLP-1s because the SUPPLY is different — there is no US-legal mazdutide. If the vial isn't actually mazdutide (substitution by semaglutide/tirzepatide is documented — see COA), your week 1 reads as a substituted GLP-1, not the trial molecule. Side effects start GI-dominant like the rest of the class but the data you're matching against (GLORY-1, 14.4% at 6mg) is on the real molecule.
Weeks 4–8
Mass-spec your vial if at all possible before titration — running 6+ months at the higher dose without identity confirmation is the gray-market mistake on this molecule specifically. If the supply is verified, the trajectory matches a GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist: appetite suppression first, body-comp shift second, slightly higher heart rate than tirzepatide expected.
Week 12 — decide
By week 12 you should have measurable weight movement AND a documented identity check on the vial — both are required to call this a real mazdutide trial. Without the identity confirmation, you don't know whether the trajectory you're seeing is mazdutide, a different GLP-1, or a mix.
Quit if
  • Vial identity can't be mass-spec verified after a reasonable attempt — substitution rate on US-RUO is the launch-killing risk.
  • Heart rate climbs more than ~10 bpm and stays — glucagon arm adds CV load beyond what tirz/sema produce.
  • Pancreatitis-like pain, gallbladder pain, or persistent vomiting that won't resolve — same class warnings as the FDA GLP-1s.
  • 12 weeks at the verified-identity 6 mg dose with no measurable weight movement — this isn't your molecule.
Identity

What it is.

Mazdutide is a GLP-1 + glucagon dual agonist developed by Eli Lilly and licensed to Innovent Biologics for development in China. Same dual-receptor concept as survodutide, different molecule, different geography.

The primary regulatory path has been Chinese — mazdutide was approved by China's NMPA in 2025 for type 2 diabetes and is in late-stage review for chronic weight management. It is not FDA approved in the US. There is no legal US supply.

The interesting feature beyond weight loss is the same as survodutide's: glucagon agonism appears to drive liver fat reduction more aggressively than alone. Several of the published mazdutide trials have included MASLD (fatty liver) endpoints alongside weight.

TL;DR

TL;DR. 30-second version.

The compressed verdict — what Mazdutide actually is, what the human evidence shows, and the watch-for in three bullets. Locked.

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Mechanism

Mechanism.

Mechanism · in the Mazdutide report

How the molecule actually works — receptor profile, downstream signaling, what to expect mechanistically.

Get the report · $19 ↓
Evidence

Evidence. What we actually know in humans.

Evidence · in the Mazdutide report

The trial breakdown — phase, n, primary endpoint, who funded, what hit, what didn't.

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Human-Evidence Factbox
China approval (Mafu)
$19 ↓
FDA status
$19 ↓
GLORY-1 weight loss (6 mg, 48 wk)
$19 ↓
GLORY-2 weight loss (9 mg)
$19 ↓
GLORY-1 enrollment
$19 ↓
Receptors hit
$19 ↓
Dosing
$19 ↓
MASLD use case
$19 ↓
Dose

Dose. The actual protocol.

Dose · in the Mazdutide report

The specific protocol — dose, titration schedule, cycle pattern, frequency, route.

We read 39 studies to write this report.
Get the report · $19 ↓
Sourcing

Sourcing. Where the cohort actually buys.

Sourcing · in the Mazdutide report

Sourcing breakdown — vendor methodology, red flags, our published test results, COA checklist.

We read 39 studies to write this report.
Get the report · $19 ↓
Safety

Safety. Side effects.

Safety · in the Mazdutide report

The watch-for list — contraindications, drug interactions, monitoring labs, when to stop.

Get the report · $19 ↓
Editorial Position

Editorial position.

Editorial Position · in the Mazdutide report

Our editorial position — explicit yes / no / depends, with the reasoning behind it.

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Citations

Citations.

  1. 01Ji L, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Chinese Adults with Obesity or Overweight. The New England journal of medicine. 2025;392(22):2215-2225. PMID: 40421736.
  2. 02Guo L, et al. Mazdutide versus dulaglutide in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2026;652(8108):181-188. PMID: 41407860.
  3. 03Zhang B, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. Diabetes care. 2024;47(1):160-168. PMID: 37943529.
  4. 04Dong W, et al. Mazdutide, a dual agonist targeting GLP-1R and GCGR, mitigates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction: mechanistic insights from multi-omics analysis. EBioMedicine. 2025;117:105791. PMID: 40479843.
  5. 05Ji L, et al. A phase 2 randomised controlled trial of mazdutide in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity. Nature communications. 2023;14(1):8289. PMID: 38092790.
+Show all 39 citations
  1. 06Shirley M. Mazdutide: First Approval. Drugs. 2025;85(12):1621-1627. PMID: 41028652.
  2. 07Zhu D, et al. Mazdutide versus placebo in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2026;652(8108):174-180. PMID: 41407859.
  3. 08Ayesh H, et al. Mazdutide Versus Dulaglutide for Weight Loss and Diabetes Management: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. American journal of therapeutics. 2024;31(5):e619-e622. PMID: 39292847.
  4. 09Ji L, et al. Safety and efficacy of a GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist mazdutide (IBI362) 9 mg and 10 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity: A randomised, placebo-controlled, multiple-ascending-dose phase 1b trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;54:101691. PMID: 36247927.
  5. 10Nalisa DL, et al. Efficacy and safety of Mazdutide on weight loss among diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2024;15:1309118. PMID: 38440786.
  6. 11Kokkorakis M, et al. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review. Pharmacological reviews. 2025;77(1):100002. PMID: 39952695.
  7. 12Zhang Y, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Obesity or Overweight. The New England journal of medicine. 2025;393(10). PMID: 40929641.
  8. 13Bhattachar SN, et al. Mazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trial. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2025;27(11):6460-6469. PMID: 40832785.
  9. 14Ji L, et al. Once-Weekly Mazdutide in Obesity or Overweight. Reply. The New England journal of medicine. 2025;393(10). PMID: 40929642.
  10. 15Xie Z, et al. Seven glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and polyagonists for weight loss in patients with obesity or overweight: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2024;161:156038. PMID: 39305981.
  11. 16Son JW, et al. Novel GLP-1-based Medications for Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity. Endocrine reviews. 2026;47(2):159-177. PMID: 41054801.
  12. 17Bailey CJ, et al. Multifunctional incretin peptides in therapies for type 2 diabetes, obesity and associated co-morbidities. Peptides. 2025;187:171380. PMID: 40081498.
  13. 18Abdul Fasi M. Patent landscape and therapeutic evolution of mazdutide: a dual GLP-1/Glucagon receptor agonist for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Expert opinion on therapeutic patents. 2026;36(5):459-469. PMID: 41820018.
  14. 19Luo Y, et al. Mazdutide versus Semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: Rationale, design and baseline data of DREAMS-3 phase 3 trial. Contemporary clinical trials. 2026;160:108150. PMID: 41260459.
  15. 20Azam MH, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Mazdutide in Managing Overweight and Obesity Among Non-Diabetic Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2026;28(6):4464-4473. PMID: 41804840.
  16. 21Gogineni P, et al. Oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and combinations of entero-pancreatic hormones as treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes: where are we now?. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy. 2024;25(7):801-818. PMID: 38753454.
  17. 22Pan XF, et al. Obesity in China: current progress and future prospects. The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology. 2026;14(2):178-186. PMID: 41389801.
  18. 23Liu S, et al. Comparative efficacy of incretin drugs on glycemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in adults with overweight or obesity and with/without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2025;16:1513641. PMID: 39968298.
  19. 24Cheng W, et al. Case Report: Efficacy and safety of dose-escalated Mazdutide, a GLP-1/GCGR dual agonist, in an adolescent with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2025;16:1654506. PMID: 41030857.
  20. 25Jiang H, et al. A phase 1b randomised controlled trial of a glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist IBI362 (LY3305677) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nature communications. 2022;13(1):3613. PMID: 35750681.
  21. 26Sidrak WR, et al. Approved and Emerging Hormone-Based Anti-Obesity Medications: A Review Article. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2024;28(5):445-460. PMID: 39676791.
  22. 27Ji L, et al. Mazdutide 9 mg in Chinese adults with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2) but without diabetes: A phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Med (New York, N.Y.). 2026;7(5):101063. PMID: 41875890.
  23. 28Deng B, et al. Safety and efficacy of GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine. 2024;86(1):15-27. PMID: 38740695.
  24. 29Gan L, et al. Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2026;19(3). PMID: 41901218.
  25. 30Xia H, et al. Multiparametric MRI Evaluation of Liver Fat and Iron after Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor and Glucagon Receptor Dual-Agonist Treatment in a High-Fat Diet-induced Mouse Model. Radiology. 2025;316(2):e243780. PMID: 40828048.
  26. 31Abdelrahman RM, et al. Harnessing GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Treatment: Prospects and Obstacles on the Horizon. Journal of obesity. 2025;2025:9919810. PMID: 41333115.
  27. 32Anderson SL. Review: Special Issue: Real-world evidence on the use of GLP1 receptor agonists: Emerging concepts in obesity management: focus on glucagon receptor agonist combinations. Drugs in context. 2025;14. PMID: 40734920.
  28. 33Li X, et al. Research progress on multidimensional intervention strategies for hyperuricemia: Western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and emerging therapies. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2025;16:1722245. PMID: 41488145.
  29. 34Abulehia A, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Receptor Agonists on Metabolic Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism. 2026;9(2):e70187. PMID: 41787737.
  30. 35Neff GW. Shared mechanistic pathways of glucagon signalling: Unlocking its potential for treating obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and other cardio-kidney-metabolic conditions. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism. 2025;27(12):6869-6883. PMID: 41025406.
  31. 36Elmendorf AJ, et al. IUPHAR review: From foe to friend: Repurposing glucagon to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Pharmacological research. 2026;223:108077. PMID: 41478576.
  32. 37Chan ZH, et al. Incretin-Based Dual and Triple Agonists in Overweight or Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiology in review. 2026. PMID: 41711462.
  33. 38Lempesis IG, et al. Obesity pharmacotherapy reimagined: The era of multi-receptor agonists and next-generation metabolic modulators, perspectives and controversies. Metabolism open. 2026;30:100463. PMID: 41948476.
  34. 39Chen Q, et al. A Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Management. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy. 2026;19:585436. PMID: 41710707.
The Mazdutide Report · $19

Everything you need to start.

Dose, sourcing, safety, our verdict. One purchase. Yours forever.

Built from 39 cited studies.

Or get every report. All reports — $99 once · Pro — $29/mo.
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